ENDNOTES

[1] Many of the details in this case study have been taken from Vivian Weitzner, “Dealing Full Force: Lutsel K’e Dene First Nation’s Experience Negotiating with Mining Companies” (Ottawa: The North South Institute, January 2006). 13 August 2009 <http://www.nsi-ins.ca/english/pdf/lk-en.pdf>.

[2] Map based on Virginia Valerie Gibson, “Negotiated Spaces: Work, Home and Relationships In The Dene Diamond Economy,” Thesis submitted to the University of British Columbia, Department of Graduate Studies (Mining Engineering), May 2008, p. 19. 17 August 2009 <http://www.impactandbenefit.com/ubc_2008_spring_gibson_virginia.pdf>.

[3] LKD was an actual signatorySignatory: any person or organization who has signed as a signatory to a document or agreementAgreement: any explicit, signed document that is negotiated and includes mutual concessions or limitations placed on both sides. Examples are Negotiation AgreementsNegotiation Agreement: an early agreement in the mining process, likely to occur in the Exploration StageExploration Stage: the whole range of activity from searching for and developing mineral deposits., which would outline the basis of the relationship between the Aboriginal group and the mining company and how the relationship will evolve if the mine moves forward. , Exploration Cooperation Benefit Agreements, Socio-Economic Participation AgreementsSocio-Economic Participation Agreements (SEPAs): private, confidential contracts between Aboriginal communities and resource developers, like mining companies. SEPAs specify how the communities that will be affected by the development of a resource will also benefit from that development. Many SEPAs include terms about the employment and training of Aboriginal people, compensationCompensation: something (such as money) given or received as payment or reparation (as for a service or loss or injury). payments, protection of the environment, and profit-sharing. SEPAs are often called Impact Benefits Agreements (IBAs) and Cooperation Benefit Agreements (CBAs), and other names. The Aboriginal Mining Guide calls them all SEPAs... to one of these agreements, the IBA. The socio-economic agreement was signed only by BHP Billiton and the Government of the Northwest Territories signed. The environmental agreement was signed by BHP Billiton, the Government of the Northwest Territories, and the Department of Indian and Northern Affairs.

[4] Richard Gleeson, “Looking for moreOre: the naturally-occurring material (rock) from which minerals are extracted through breaking down and processing. : Akaitcho leaders say BHP offering a raw deal,” Northern News Services, October 2, 2000. 16 September 2009 <http://www.nnsl.com/frames/newspapers/2000-10/oct2_00bhp.html>; “Some Deninu Kue members won't get diamond dollars,” cbc.ca, May 3, 2007. 16 September 2009 <http://www.cbc.ca/canada/north/story/2007/05/03/nwt-deninu.html>; and Weitzner, p. 17.

[5] “Info Bulletins: Partnership Agreements – Ekati Diamond Mine - Northwest Territories,” Natural Resources Canada. 14 September 2009 <http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/smm-mms/abor-auto/htm/eka-08-eng.htm>.

[6] “Info Bulletins: Partnership Agreements – Ekati Diamond Mine - Northwest Territories.”

[7] “Info Bulletins: Partnership Agreements – Ekati Diamond Mine - Northwest Territories.”

[8] “Info Bulletins: Partnership Agreements – Ekati Diamond Mine - Northwest Territories.”

[9] “Info Bulletins: Partnership Agreements – Ekati Diamond Mine - Northwest Territories.”

[10] “Info Bulletins: Partnership Agreements – Ekati Diamond Mine - Northwest Territories.”

[11] “Info Bulletins: Partnership Agreements – Ekati Diamond Mine - Northwest Territories.”

[12] “Why was the Agency Created?” Independent Environmental MonitoringMonitoring: the act of observing something and often keeping a record of it. People monitor mining activities or impactsImpacts: the effect or impression of one thing on another such as the impact of a mining project on the life of an Aboriginal community. in order to determine their effect on the land, resources, and communities. Agency. 14 September 2009 <http://www.monitoringagency.net/AbouttheAgency/WhywastheAgencyCreated/tabid/61/Default.aspx>.

[13] Weitzner, p. 29.

[14] Weiztner, p. 10.

[15] Cited in Weitzner, p. 12.

[16] Impact Economics, “2008 NWT Diamonds,” (NWT/Nunavut Chamber of Mines and Mining Association of Canada, October 2008), p. 13 (fig. 9), 35 (fig. 34). 13 August 2009 <http://www.mining.ca/www/media_lib/MAC_Documents/Diamond_Affairs/2009/NWT_Diamonds_2008_Final_v3.pdf>.

[17] Results have been taken from the most recent socio-economic report available, “Annual Report on Northern Employment and Spending: 2007 Operations Phase – Ekati Diamond Mine” (BHP Billiton). 1 May 2009 <http://www.bhpbilliton.com/bbContentRepository/docs/
2007EkatiAnnualReportOnNorthernEmploymentAndSpending.pdf>.

[18] Results have been taken from the most recent full-year socio-economic monitoring reports available. The first full report is from 2003. These results are from the 2007 report, “Diavik Diamond Mine: Socio-Economic Monitoring Report for Operations January to December 2007” (Diavik Diamond Mines, Inc.). 1 May 2009 <http://www.diavik.ca/documents/Diavik_2007_SEMA_Report.pdf>.

[19] Results have been taken from the most recent available socio-economic report, “Naturally Northern: 2007 Snap Lake Mine Socio-Economic Report” (DeBeers Canada, Snap Lake Mine), pp. 5-7, 11, 16, 21-22. 1 May 2009 <http://www.debeerscanada.com/files_2/documents/2007SnapLakeSocioEcReport.pdf>.

[20] “Economic Impact: Generating Revenues,” Diamondfacts.org, 13 August 2009 <http://diamondfacts.org/difference/economic_impact.html> and “2008 NWT Diamonds,” p. 27.

[21] Weitzner, p. 29.